DATA DICTIONARY An individual can characterize data dictionary as Database Management System (DBMS) part that stores the meaning of data attributes and connections. An individual might review that such “data about data” were marked metadata. The Database Management System (DBMS) data dictionary gives Database Management System (DBMS) with its self-depicting characteristics. As a result, the data dictionary reference looks like...

DATABASE LANGUAGES A database system gives a data definition language (DDL) to indicate the database schema as well as data manipulation language (DML) to express database queries and updates. Practically, the data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML) are not two (2) separate language, rather they just normally form parts of single database language, for an example, the...

Advantages of Database Management System (DBMS) Utilizing a Database Management System (DBMS) to manage data has numerous points of interest: Decrease of Redundancy: This is maybe the hugest favorable advantage of utilizing Database Management System (DBMS). Repetition is the issue of storing similar data in more than one place. Redundancy makes a few issues like requiring additional storage space, entering...

CHARACTERISTICS OF DATABASE Simultaneous Use – A database system enables multiple clients to get access to the database simultaneously. Answering various questions from various clients with the similar (base) data is a focal part of an information system. Such simultaneous utilization of data expands the economy of a system. A case of simultaneous utilization is the tour and travel database...

Database: It is a collection of related tables or relations. Consider the subsequent collection of tables or relations: Table – 1 Customer_ID Name Age 001 X 12 009 B 13 100 A 14 Table – 2 Customer_ID Account_No 001 S100 009 S200 100 CA200 Table – 3 Account_No Type S100 Savings S200 Savings CA200 Current Account Table – 4 Type...

HASH FILES ORGANIZATION Hashing (hash addressing) is a procedure for giving quick direct access to a particular record based on a given estimation of some field. When two (2) or more (n) key values hash to a similar disk address, at that time it cause an impact. The hash function ought to convey the area of the key conceivably equitably...

DIRECT FILE ORGANIZATION In the index – sequential file organization as it can be considered with the earlier sections, the mapping from the search – key value to the storage location is by means of index entries. In direct file organization, the key value is mapped with the storage location. The same old technique of direct mapping is by performing...

SECONDARY INDEXES A secondary index is also an ordered file with two (2) fields, and, as within the alternative indexes, the second field may be a pointer to a disk block. The first field is of identical data type as some non – ordering field of the information file. The field on that the secondary index is built is named...

PRIMARY INDEXES A primary index is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length with two (2) fields. The very first field is of identical data types because the ordering key field of the information file, and also the second field may be a pointer to a disk block – a block address. The ordering key field is termed...

INDEXED – SEQUENTIAL ORGANIZATION In the indexed-sequential files technique, records are physically hold on in sequential order on a magnetic disc or alternative direct access memory device based on the key field of each and every record. Every file contains an index that references one or additional key fields of each and every information record to its storage location address....