How should timestamps be used? The timestamp order protocol ensures that two conflicting read / write operations are executed in the corresponding timestamp order. It is an alternative solution to the use of locks. For Reading operations: If TS (T) is < W timestamp (P), transaction T attempts to read a value of P data that has already been overwritten...

This question came from a business professional. My boss asked me to cover my coworker’s shift because he is about to fire her. She and I are good friends outside of work. Should I warn her? I can see that this is a very difficult decision for you. You can probably see it both ways: Being loyal to the company...

Transaction – Definition A transaction is a set of modifications that must all be done together. This is a program unit whose execution may change the contents of a database or not. The transaction is implemented as a single entity. If the database was in a consistent state before a transaction, it must be in a consistent state even after...

Database security Database security cannot be considered an isolated problem because it is also affected by other components of a computer system. The security requirements of a system are determined by means of a security policy, which is then enforced by various security mechanisms. For databases, security requirements can be divided into the following categories: Identification, authentication – Normally, each...

This question came from a business professional. What 3 things should you never do on a job interview? Top 3 things you should never do Although there are lots of things to keep in mind, some things to consider are: Don’t be late. Plan to be at least 1 hour early to avoid any traffic or travel issues. Once there,...

Database Security The database security means to practice a broad range of information security controls to safeguard databases (which include data, database applications or stored functions, base systems databases, database servers as well as related network connections) to breaches of their confidentiality, integrity as well as integrity. It includes different types or categories of controls, for example technical, procedural /...